Welding Defects in Laser Welding Machines

During the laser welding process, improper selection of welding materials, welding environment, and welding process can easily lead to welding defects. These defects not only affect the aesthetics of the welded parts but also their usability. So, how do defects occur during laser welding?

1. Welding Cracks:

Welding hot cracks refer to cracks that occur when the weld and heat-affected zone metal cool to a high-temperature region near the solidus line during the welding process. They are generally classified as high-temperature cracks and low-temperature cracks. In laser welding, due to the relatively small heat input of the laser, the small amount of welding deformation, and the relatively small stress generated, high-temperature cracks generally do not occur. However, due to differences in materials and improper selection of process parameters, high-temperature cracks can sometimes occur. Cracks that occur in high-strength steel and low-alloy steel during welding at temperatures below the Ms point or below 300℃ are called low-temperature cracks.

2. Defects in Weld Appearance:

In laser welding, the appearance shape of the weld is crucial for improving the quality of structural components and parts. Therefore, controlling the shape of the weld is essential during the laser welding process. Common surface defects in laser welding include: weld buildup, undercut, weld concavity and depression, weld interruption or uneven thickness, uneven weld surface, porosity, and weld beads.

Laser welding machines are green and energy-efficient welding equipment, offering advantages over traditional welding machines such as faster welding speed, smaller heat-affected zone, and smoother weld surfaces. However, improper use can still lead to welding defects. This reminds us that following welding procedures and proper operation are crucial for achieving good welding results when using laser welding machines.